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SpongeScapes, Wallingford, 2025
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Beyond the Flood: Evaluating the Full Impact of Sponge Measures – A New SpongeScapes Research Paper

As nature-based solutions gain momentum across Europe, a new study from SpongeScapes Italian partners from the University of Padova  broadens the lens on how we evaluate  sponge measures (Natural Water Retention Measures -NWRMs - in their article)— going beyond flood mitigation and groundwater recharge to also consider, among others, social and economic dimensions.

A More Complete Framework for Evaluation

The study proposes a structured approach to classify both positive (benefits and co-benefits) and negative (trade-offs) impacts of sponge measures, for example: